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Tajweed Rules
General explanations with a verified verse to listen to for reference — not an automated judgment of your own recitation.
Makharij (Articulation Points)
Each Arabic letter has a precise point in the mouth or throat where its sound originates — getting this right is the foundation everything else builds on.
Sifaat ul Huroof (Letter Characteristics)
Beyond where a letter is articulated, each has qualities — like softness, harshness, or breathiness — that give it its distinct sound.
Madd (Elongation)
Certain letters are prolonged for a set number of counts, and the required length changes depending on what follows them.
Ghunnah (Nasalization)
A nasal sound held for about two counts whenever Noon or Meem carries a shaddah (doubling mark).
Qalqalah (Echoing Bounce)
Five letters (ق ط ب ج د) produce a slight bouncing echo when they carry a sukoon, especially at a stop.
Ikhfa (Concealment)
A Noon Sakinah or tanween is partially hidden — pronounced with a light nasal sound — before 15 specific letters.
Idgham (Merging)
A Noon Sakinah or tanween merges into the letter that follows it, sometimes with nasalization and sometimes without.
Iqlab (Conversion)
A Noon Sakinah or tanween is converted into a light Meem sound whenever it's followed by the letter Ba (ب).
Noon Sakinah / Tanween
A Noon with no vowel, or a tanween ending, is pronounced clearly (Izhar) before throat letters, and follows Ikhfa/Idgham/Iqlab before others.
Meem Sakinah
A Meem with no vowel is pronounced clearly by default, merges into a following Meem, or is lightly concealed before Ba.
Tafkheem and Tarqeeq (Heavy and Light Letters)
Some letters are always pronounced heavy, some always light, and a few — including the Ra and the name of Allah — change depending on the surrounding vowels.
Waqf and Ibtida (Stopping and Starting)
Where a reciter pauses or resumes affects meaning — the end of an ayah is always a permissible stopping point, and there are consistent conventions for restarting mid-ayah.